Sampling and Analysis of TENORM Waste Streams

Sampling & Analysis Program

TENORM Field Sampling & Laboratory Analysis for the Energy Sector

RADXION was engaged by an energy-sector client to design and execute a comprehensive field sampling and laboratory analysis program for Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) in soils, sludge, and scale deposits. The goal was to quantify radionuclide concentrations (primarily ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁴⁰K), assess spatial distribution, and provide data for risk assessment and disposal decisions.

Soils · Sludge · Scale²²⁶Ra · ²²⁸Ra · ²¹⁰Pb · ⁴⁰KHPGe & Alpha SpectrometryISO 18589 QA/QC

Objectives

Characterize TENORM Levels

Determine activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁴⁰K in representative matrices.

Map Spatial Variability

Establish concentration gradients across the site to identify hotspots.

Support Risk Assessment

Provide data for dose and risk modeling and for classification of waste streams.

Guide Remediation & Disposal

Recommend appropriate handling, disposal routes, and any necessary site remediation.

Scope of Work

Phase 1Field Sampling

Develop a statistically robust grid sampling plan covering production, storage, and discharge areas.
Collect surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–30 cm) soil cores, sludge grab samples, and scale scrapings.
Record GPS coordinates, depth, moisture, and field gamma-survey readings for each sample.

Phase 2Sample Handling & Chain of Custody

Label and seal all samples in radiologically approved containers.
Maintain full chain-of-custody logs from field to laboratory.
Store samples under controlled temperature and shielded transport conditions.

Phase 3Laboratory Analysis

Gamma Spectrometry: Quantify ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁴⁰K using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors.
Alpha Spectrometry: Confirm ²¹⁰Po (decay product of ²¹⁰Pb) in selected high-activity samples.
Chemical Preparation: Drying, homogenization, and acid digestion where required for matrix consistency.

Phase 4Quality Assurance & Quality Control (QA/QC)

Analyze method blanks, matrix spikes, and certified reference materials (NIST SRMs) in each batch.
Duplicate analysis on 10 % of samples to verify reproducibility.
Apply decay corrections and detector efficiency calibrations per ISO 18589 protocols.

Equipment & Materials

Field Instruments	Portable NaI(Tl) gamma survey meter; GPS unit; stainless-steel corers; sediment scoops.
Sample Containers	Pre-cleaned Marinelli beakers (for solids), HDPE bottles (for liquids), and sealed plastic bags.
Laboratory Instrumentation	HPGe gamma spectrometer with 50 % relative efficiency; alpha spectrometer; microwave digestion system; analytical balance (± 0.1 mg).

Health, Safety & Regulatory Compliance

Work Permits

Conduct work under a Radiation Work Permit (RWP) and site-specific HSE procedures.

Dosimetry & Survey

Equip field teams with personal dosimeters, TLDs, and survey meters.

Standards

Follow IAEA “Safety Guide for TENORM” and local environmental discharge regulations.

Spill Response

Implement spill-response kits and designated decontamination zones at sampling points.

Data Reporting & Deliverables

Preliminary Field ReportSummary of sampling locations, field measurements, and any deviations from plan.
Analytical ReportTables of radionuclide concentrations (Bq/kg or Bq/L), QA/QC results, decay-corrected values, and method detection limits.
Spatial MapsContoured concentration maps overlaid on site layout to highlight hotspots.
Interpretive SummaryAssessment of radiological risk, classification of waste streams, and recommendations for handling, storage, or remediation.
Final PresentationPowerPoint brief to client’s technical and HSE teams, including key findings and next-step guidance.