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Sampling and Analysis of TENORM Waste Streams

1. Project Overview

RADXION was engaged by an energy-sector client to design and execute a comprehensive field sampling and laboratory analysis program for Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) in soils, sludge, and scale deposits. The goal was to quantify radionuclide concentrations (primarily ^226Ra, ^228Ra, ^210Pb, and ^40K), assess spatial distribution, and provide data for risk assessment and disposal decisions.

2. Objectives

  • Characterize TENORM Levels: Determine activity concentrations of ^226Ra, ^228Ra, ^210Pb, and ^40K in representative matrices.

  • Map Spatial Variability: Establish concentration gradients across the site to identify hotspots.

  • Support Risk Assessment: Provide data for dose and risk modeling and for classification of waste streams.

  • Guide Remediation & Disposal: Recommend appropriate handling, disposal routes, and any necessary site remediation.

3. Scope of Work

  1. Field Sampling

    • Develop a statistically robust grid sampling plan covering production, storage, and discharge areas.

    • Collect surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–30 cm) soil cores, sludge grab samples, and scale scrapings.

    • Record GPS coordinates, depth, moisture, and field gamma-survey readings for each sample.

  2. Sample Handling & Chain of Custody

    • Label and seal all samples in radiologically approved containers.

    • Maintain full chain-of-custody logs from field to laboratory.

    • Store samples under controlled temperature and shielded transport conditions.

  3. Laboratory Analysis

    • Gamma Spectrometry: Quantify ^226Ra, ^228Ra, ^210Pb, and ^40K using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors.

    • Alpha Spectrometry: Confirm ^210Po (decay product of ^210Pb) in selected high-activity samples.

    • Chemical Preparation: Drying, homogenization, and acid digestion where required for matrix consistency.

  4. Quality Assurance & Quality Control (QA/QC)

    • Analyze method blanks, matrix spikes, and certified reference materials (NIST SRMs) in each batch.

    • Duplicate analysis on 10 % of samples to verify reproducibility.

    • Apply decay corrections and detector efficiency calibrations per ISO 18589 protocols.

4. Equipment & Materials

  • Field Instruments: Portable NaI(Tl) gamma survey meter; GPS unit; stainless-steel corers; sediment scoops.

  • Sample Containers: Pre-cleaned Marinelli beakers (for solids), HDPE bottles (for liquids), and sealed plastic bags.

  • Laboratory Instrumentation: HPGe gamma spectrometer with 50 % relative efficiency; alpha spectrometer; microwave digestion system; analytical balance (± 0.1 mg).

5. Health, Safety & Regulatory Compliance

  • Conduct work under a Radiation Work Permit (RWP) and site-specific HSE procedures.

  • Equip field teams with personal dosimeters, TLDs, and survey meters.

  • Follow IAEA “Safety Guide for TENORM” and local environmental discharge regulations.

  • Implement spill-response kits and designated decontamination zones at sampling points.

6. Data Reporting & Deliverables

  • Preliminary Field Report: Summary of sampling locations, field measurements, and any deviations from plan.

  • Analytical Report: Tables of radionuclide concentrations (Bq/kg or Bq/L), QA/QC results, decay-corrected values, and method detection limits.

  • Spatial Maps: Contoured concentration maps overlaid on site layout to highlight hotspots.

  • Interpretive Summary: Assessment of radiological risk, classification of waste streams, and recommendations for handling, storage, or remediation.

  • Final Presentation: PowerPoint brief to client’s technical and HSE teams, including key findings and next-step guidance.